問:莎士比亞《亨利六世》有一名言:The smallest worm will turn, being trodden on(最小的蟲,遭人踐踏,都會轉動)。論文法,這一句是不是應改為When being trodden on, even the smallest worm will turn?
答:讀者說的這句成語,莎士比亞出世之前,已見於詞書,作Treade a worme on the tayle, and it must turne agayne(= Tread a worm on the tail, and it must turn again)。今天,這成語多略作Even a worm will turn或Tread on a worm and it will turn,意思是「最溫順者,被逼太甚,都會反抗」。
論文法,讀者那一句沒有錯,但莎士比亞那一句當然也沒有問題。分詞子句(participle clause)有時會用when、while、once等連接詞(conjunction)帶出,但不用也可以,例如:(1)(When)seen in this light, the situation does not seem too bad(從這個觀點看來,情況還不算太壞)。(2)(Once)cleared of weeds, the garden looked very different(花園除卻雜草之後,看來就很不同了)。分詞子句多置於句前,但置於句後有時也可以。
問:He has never travelled abroad but he wants to go to Australia(他從沒到過外國,但有意去澳洲)這一句,改用neither... nor句式,應怎樣寫?
答:Neither... nor即「既不 / 沒有……也不 / 沒有」,例如:She neither watches TV nor plays chess(她既不看電視,也不下棋)。讀者說的那一句,沒有「既不……也不」的意思,不可能用neither... nor改寫。