問:貴欄上月有以下例句:The horse, thought to be doped, was scratched(那匹馬疑被餵興奮劑,退出比賽)。句中的to be可不可改作to have been?
答:請先看以下兩句:(1)He was thought to be rich(他被視為富有)。(2)He was thought to have won the lottery(他被視為中了彩票)。第二句所謂「中彩票」是「被視為」之前的事,所以用to have won句式,那won是動詞,指一時的事;第一句所謂「富有」是「被視為」同時的事,所以用to be rich句式,那rich是形容詞,指較長時間的情況。
Dope當然是動詞,但doped也可作形容詞用。請看以下兩句:(1)Do you think the horse is doped ?(你是不是懷疑那匹馬給餵了興奮劑?)(2)These are tests given to race horses if it is suspected that the horse has been doped(假如懷疑賽馬給餵了興奮劑,就會用這些方法測試)。第二句出自美國騎馬教練Margaret Cabell Self所撰The Horseman's Encyclopedia,那doped作動詞,指「馬匹被餵興奮劑」的動作,那動作當然在「懷疑」之前,所以用have been doped;第一句出自英國小說家Dick Francis所撰Straight,那doped作形容詞,指「馬匹餵了興奮劑」的狀態,那狀態和「懷疑」同時,所以用is doped。改用被動語態,第一句可作Is the horse thought to be doped?第二句可作These are tests given to race horses if they are suspected to have been doped。兩句都是正確英文。拙欄那一句,改為thought to have been doped,同樣是正確的。